.brandmark[data-astro-cid-7eczacpb]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}.brandmark__seal[data-astro-cid-7eczacpb]{flex:0 0 auto;border-radius:3px}.brandmark__word[data-astro-cid-7eczacpb]{white-space:nowrap}.brandmark__hanzi[data-astro-cid-7eczacpb]{color:var(--ink)}.brandmark__trace[data-astro-cid-7eczacpb]{color:var(--seal)}.scriptswitch[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{display:inline-flex;flex:0 0 auto;border:1px solid var(--rule, #d8d2c2);border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden;background:transparent}.scriptswitch[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] button[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{font:600 14px/1 var(--han, serif);width:30px;height:30px;border:0;background:transparent;color:var(--ink-3);cursor:pointer;padding:0}.scriptswitch[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] button[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:hover{color:var(--ink)}.scriptswitch[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] button[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec][aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper)}.scriptswitch[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] button[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--seal);outline-offset:-2px}.scriptswitch--wide[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{display:flex;width:100%}.scriptswitch--wide[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] button[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{flex:1;width:auto;height:42px;font:500 14px/1 var(--body, inherit);gap:6px}.navtoggle[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{display:none;flex:0 0 38px;width:38px;height:38px;align-items:center;justify-content:center;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:9px;background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink);cursor:pointer;padding:0}.navtoggle[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--seal);outline-offset:2px}.navscrim[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{position:fixed;inset:0;background:#1c191561;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity .2s cubic-bezier(.4,0,1,1),visibility 0s linear .2s;z-index:55}.navdrawer[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;width:min(320px,86vw);background:var(--paper, #fbfaf6);border-left:1px solid var(--line);box-shadow:-18px 0 40px #1c191524;padding:14px 18px calc(18px + env(safe-area-inset-bottom,0px));padding-top:calc(14px + env(safe-area-inset-top,0px));overflow-y:auto;transform:translate(100%);visibility:hidden;transition:transform .24s cubic-bezier(.55,0,1,.45),visibility 0s linear .24s;will-change:transform;overscroll-behavior:contain;z-index:60}html.nav-open .navscrim[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{opacity:1;visibility:visible;transition:opacity .34s cubic-bezier(.32,.72,0,1),visibility 0s}html.nav-open .navdrawer[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{transform:none;visibility:visible;transition:transform .36s cubic-bezier(.32,.72,0,1),visibility 0s}.navdrawer__links[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] a[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec],.navdrawer__field[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{opacity:0;transform:translate(16px);transition:opacity .14s linear,transform .14s ease-in}html.nav-open .navdrawer__links[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] a[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec],html.nav-open .navdrawer__field[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{opacity:1;transform:none;transition:opacity .3s ease,transform .42s cubic-bezier(.32,.72,0,1)}html.nav-open .navdrawer__links[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] a[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:nth-child(1){transition-delay:.05s}html.nav-open .navdrawer__links[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] a[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:nth-child(2){transition-delay:85ms}html.nav-open .navdrawer__links[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] a[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:nth-child(3){transition-delay:.12s}html.nav-open .navdrawer__links[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] a[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:nth-child(4){transition-delay:.155s}html.nav-open .navdrawer__links[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] a[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:nth-child(5){transition-delay:.19s}html.nav-open .navdrawer__links[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] a[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:nth-child(6){transition-delay:.225s}html.nav-open .navdrawer__field[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{transition-delay:.24s}.navdrawer__close[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{transition:background .16s ease,color .16s ease,transform .1s ease}.navdrawer__close[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:active{transform:scale(.92)}@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.navscrim[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec],.navdrawer[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec],.navdrawer__links[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] a[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec],.navdrawer__field[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{transition-duration:.01ms;transition-delay:0s;transform:none}}.navdrawer__head[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;min-height:38px}.navdrawer__eyebrow[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-3)}.navdrawer__close[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:38px;height:38px;margin-right:-8px;border:0;border-radius:9px;background:transparent;color:var(--ink-2);cursor:pointer;padding:0}.navdrawer__close[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:hover{background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink)}.navdrawer__close[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--seal);outline-offset:2px}.navdrawer__links[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin-top:10px}.navdrawer__links[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] a[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{display:block;padding:13px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--ink);font-size:16px;font-weight:500;text-decoration:none}.navdrawer__links[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec] a[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec][aria-current=page]{color:var(--seal)}.navdrawer__field[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{margin-top:22px}.navdrawer__label[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{display:block;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--ink-2);margin-bottom:8px}.navdrawer__hint[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{margin:8px 0 0;font-size:12px;color:var(--ink-3)}@media(max-width:599px){.navtoggle[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{display:inline-flex}.scriptswitch[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]:not(.scriptswitch--wide){display:none}}@media(min-width:600px){.navscrim[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec],.navdrawer[data-astro-cid-dmqpwcec]{display:none}}:root{--paper: #f1f1ec;--surface: #fbfaf7;--sheet: #ffffff;--kraft: #e4ddcd;--kraft-line: #cfc6b2;--ink: #1e1c19;--ink-2: #57534c;--ink-3: #6b6660;--line: #dbd8cf;--line-2: #e9e6de;--seal: #b23a24;--seal-dark: #8e2d1b;--seal-tint: #f4e8e3;--ok: oklch(50% .08 155);--ok-tint: oklch(95% .02 155);--cat-num: #4c6b8a;--cat-nature: #5c7a62;--cat-people: #8a6a3f;--cat-colour: #6b5b7a;--cat-other: #8a8578;--ui: "IBM Plex Sans", system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;--display: "Spectral", Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;--mono: "IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, SFMono-Regular, Menlo, Consolas, monospace;--radius: 2px;--shadow-sm: none;--shadow-lg: none;--wrap: 1120px}*{box-sizing:border-box}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--ui);font-size:16px;line-height:1.6;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}h1,h2,h3,h4{margin:0;font-family:var(--display);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.015em;line-height:1.18}h1{font-weight:300}p{margin:0}a{color:var(--seal);text-decoration:none}a:hover{color:var(--seal-dark);text-decoration:none}img,svg{max-width:100%}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--seal);outline-offset:2px}.wrap{max-width:var(--wrap);margin:0 auto;padding-inline:22px}@media(min-width:768px){.wrap{padding-inline:36px}}.eyebrow{font-family:var(--mono);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink-3);font-weight:400}.lede{font-size:17.5px;color:var(--ink-2);line-height:1.65}.muted{color:var(--ink-3)}.stack>*+*{margin-top:12px}.btn{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;min-height:44px;padding:0 22px;border-radius:var(--radius);border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--surface);color:var(--ink);font:inherit;font-size:14.5px;font-weight:500;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap;transition:border-color .18s ease,background .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,transform .18s ease}.btn:hover{border-color:var(--ink-3);text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink);box-shadow:var(--shadow-sm)}.btn:active{transform:translateY(1px)}.btn--primary{background:var(--ink);border-color:var(--ink);color:var(--paper)}.btn--primary:hover{background:#000;border-color:#000;color:var(--paper)}.btn--block{width:100%}.btn--sm{min-height:36px;padding:0 15px;font-size:13px}.chip{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:6px;min-height:36px;padding:0 15px;border-radius:var(--radius);border:1px solid transparent;background:var(--line-2);color:var(--ink-2);font:inherit;font-size:13px;cursor:pointer;white-space:nowrap;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease}.chip:hover{background:var(--line);color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}.chip[aria-pressed=true]{background:var(--ink);color:var(--paper);font-weight:500}.card{background:var(--surface);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);transition:border-color .18s ease,box-shadow .18s ease,transform .18s ease}.badge{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:5px;height:22px;padding:0 9px;border-radius:var(--radius);background:var(--seal-tint);color:var(--seal-dark);font-size:11px;font-weight:500}.hz-sample{font-family:var(--han);line-height:1;letter-spacing:.08em}.site-head{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:20;background:#fdfdfad1;backdrop-filter:blur(12px);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-2)}.site-head__inner{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;min-height:60px}.brand{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:0;color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--display);font-size:19px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.01em}.brand:hover{text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink)}.brand svg{flex:0 0 auto}.site-head .btn{flex:0 0 auto}.site-nav{display:none;gap:24px;font-size:14.5px}.site-nav a{color:var(--ink-2)}.site-nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--ink);font-weight:500}@media(min-width:600px){.site-nav{display:flex}}.site-head__spacer{flex:1}.site-head__cta-short{display:none}@media(max-width:599px){.site-head__inner{gap:10px}.brand{font-size:17px;gap:7px}.site-head .btn--sm{padding:0 12px}.site-head__cta-full{display:none}.site-head__cta-short{display:inline}}.site-foot{background:transparent;border-top:1px solid var(--line-2);padding-block:44px 36px;margin-top:72px}.site-foot__grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:28px}@media(min-width:640px){.site-foot__grid{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr)}}@media(min-width:1000px){.site-foot__grid{grid-template-columns:1.6fr repeat(3,1fr)}}.site-foot h3{font-family:var(--ui);font-size:13.5px;font-weight:600;margin-bottom:8px}.site-foot ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:13.5px;line-height:2}.site-foot ul a{color:var(--ink-2)}.site-foot__credits{margin-top:30px;padding-top:18px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:6px}.site-foot__credits p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--ink-3);text-wrap:pretty}.site-foot__credits a{color:var(--ink-2)}.ad{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden}.ad--placeholder{border:1px dashed var(--line);border-radius:var(--radius);background:var(--line-2);color:var(--ink-3);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.09em;text-transform:uppercase;font-weight:500;min-height:90px;text-align:center;padding:12px}.grid-cards{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px}@media(min-width:560px){.grid-cards{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media(min-width:900px){.grid-cards{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr))}}@media(min-width:1100px){.grid-cards--4{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr))}}.prose p+p{margin-top:14px}.prose{color:var(--ink-2);font-size:17px;line-height:1.7}.prose strong{color:var(--ink)}.section{padding-block:56px}.section--tint{background:var(--surface);border-block:1px solid var(--line-2)}table.chars{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse}table.chars td{padding:8px 10px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-2);font-size:14.5px}table.chars .c{font-family:var(--han);font-size:22px;width:44px}.visually-hidden{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(0 0 0 0);white-space:nowrap;border:0}:root:not([data-script=trad]) [data-when=trad]{display:none}:root[data-script=trad] [data-when=simp]{display:none}:root{--sheet-ink: #16150f;--sheet-grid: #cfc9b8;--sheet-guide: #e6b9ad;--sheet-trace: #c6c1b2;--sheet-faint: #ded8ca;--sheet-muted: #857f6e;--sheet-seal: #c4442c;--han: "LXGW WenKai Lite", "Kaiti SC", "STKaiti", KaiTi, 楷体, "Noto Serif SC", serif}:root[data-script=trad]{--han: "LXGW WenKai TC", "LXGW WenKai Lite", "Kaiti TC", "BiauKai", "DFKai-SB", 標楷體, "Kaiti SC", KaiTi, serif}.sheet{width:var(--sheet-w);height:var(--sheet-h);padding:var(--margin);box-sizing:border-box;background:#fff;color:var(--sheet-ink);display:flex;flex-direction:column;font-family:var(--ui, system-ui, sans-serif);-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;print-color-adjust:exact}.sheet__head{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:space-between;gap:6mm;border-bottom:.45mm solid var(--sheet-ink);padding-bottom:2.4mm;flex:0 0 auto}.sheet__title{margin:0;font-family:var(--display, Georgia, serif);font-size:5.4mm;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:-.01em;line-height:1.15}.sheet__sub{margin:.8mm 0 0;font-size:2.9mm;letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--sheet-muted);text-transform:uppercase}.sheet__meta{font-size:2.9mm;letter-spacing:.05em;color:var(--sheet-muted);white-space:nowrap}.featured{display:flex;gap:5mm;align-items:center;margin-top:5mm;padding:4mm 5mm;border:.25mm solid #e8e2d6;border-left:.9mm solid var(--sheet-seal);background:#fcf3ef;flex:0 0 auto}.featured__body{min-width:0}.featured__head{margin:0;font-size:3.6mm}.featured__facts{margin:1.4mm 0 0;font-size:2.7mm;color:var(--sheet-muted)}.featured__story{margin:2.4mm 0 0;font-size:3mm;line-height:1.5;color:#45412f;max-width:125mm}.sheet__rows{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:var(--row-gap);margin-top:6mm;flex:0 0 auto}.row{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:var(--label-gap)}.row__label{width:var(--label-w);flex:0 0 var(--label-w);max-height:var(--cell);overflow:hidden}.row__pinyin{display:block;font-size:3.2mm;line-height:1.2}.row__meaning{display:block;font-size:2.6mm;line-height:1.3;color:var(--sheet-muted)}.row__strokes{display:flex;align-items:flex-end;gap:.8mm;height:var(--strip-h);margin-left:calc(var(--label-w) + var(--label-gap));overflow:hidden}.strokestep{width:var(--strip-glyph);height:var(--strip-glyph);flex:0 0 var(--strip-glyph);border:.18mm solid var(--sheet-grid);box-sizing:border-box}.strokestep svg{display:block;width:100%;height:100%}.row__cells{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(var(--cols),var(--cell));gap:var(--cell-gap)}.cell{position:relative;width:var(--cell);height:var(--cell);border:.25mm solid var(--sheet-grid);background:#fff;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;overflow:hidden}.cell--xl{width:30mm;height:30mm;flex:0 0 30mm}.grid--tian,.grid--mi,.grid--hui{background-size:100% 100%;background-repeat:no-repeat}.grid--tian{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100' preserveAspectRatio='none'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 50H100M50 0V100' fill='none' stroke='%23e6b9ad' stroke-width='1.1' stroke-dasharray='3 3' shape-rendering='geometricPrecision'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.grid--mi{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100' preserveAspectRatio='none'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 50H100M50 0V100M0 0L100 100M100 0L0 100' fill='none' stroke='%23e6b9ad' stroke-width='1.1' stroke-dasharray='3 3' shape-rendering='geometricPrecision'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.grid--hui{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 100 100' preserveAspectRatio='none'%3E%3Cpath d='M22 22H78V78H22Z' fill='none' stroke='%23e6b9ad' stroke-width='1.1' stroke-dasharray='3 3' shape-rendering='geometricPrecision'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.hz{font-family:var(--han);font-size:calc(var(--cell) * .78);line-height:1;position:relative;display:block}@media screen{.cell:not(.cell--xl){container-type:inline-size}.cell:not(.cell--xl)>.hz{font-size:78cqw}}.cell--xl .hz{font-size:23mm}.hz--model{color:var(--sheet-ink)}.hz--trace{color:var(--sheet-trace)}.hz--faint{color:var(--sheet-faint)}.sheet__foot{margin-top:auto;padding-top:2.4mm;border-top:.25mm solid #e8e3d7;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;font-size:2.4mm;letter-spacing:.1em;color:#b4ad9c;flex:0 0 auto}@media screen{.sheet{zoom:var(--preview-zoom, .56);box-shadow:0 1px 3px #16150f14,0 22px 44px -26px #16150f6b;margin:0 auto}.sheet+.sheet{margin-top:10mm}#print-root{display:none}}@media print{@page{margin:0}html,body{margin:0;padding:0;background:#fff}body>*:not(#print-root){display:none!important}#print-root{display:block!important}.sheet{zoom:1;box-shadow:none;margin:0;break-after:page;page-break-after:always}.sheet:last-child{break-after:auto;page-break-after:auto}.no-print{display:none!important}}.featured__kind{display:block;font-family:var(--ui, sans-serif);font-size:7pt;letter-spacing:.06em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#8a8578;margin-bottom:2pt}.sheet__credit{letter-spacing:.04em;text-transform:none}